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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 December 2024. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...
Benford's law : In many collections of data, a given data point has roughly a 30% chance of starting with the digit 1. Benford's law of controversy: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. Bennett's laws are principles in quantum information theory. Named for Charles H. Bennett.
Benford's law, named after physicist Frank Benford, who stated it in 1938, although it had been previously stated by Simon Newcomb in 1881. Bertrand's ballot theorem proved using André's reflection method, which states the probability that the winning candidate in an election stays in the lead throughout the count.
An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16306-2. Theodore P. Hill (2017). Pushing Limits: From West Point to Berkeley and Beyond. American Mathematical Society and Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 978-1-4704-3584-4. Theodore P. Hill (2018). "Slicing Sandwiches, States, and Solar Systems".
(Hasty generalization is the mistaken application of this law to small data sets.) Law of anomalous numbers (also called first-digit law and (Newcomb–)Benford law), an observation about the frequency distribution of leading digits in many real-life sets of numerical data. Pigeonhole principle, the occurrence of mathematical coincidences
Frank Albert Benford Jr. (July 10, 1883 [1] – December 4, 1948 [2]) was an American electrical engineer and physicist best known for rediscovering and generalizing Benford's Law, an earlier statistical statement by Simon Newcomb, about the occurrence of digits in lists of data.
Bradford's law is a pattern first described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of searching for references in science journals. One formulation is that if journals in a field are sorted by number of articles into three groups, each with about one-third of all articles, then the number of journals ...
In mathematical statistics, the concept has been formalized as the Zipfian distribution: A family of related discrete probability distributions whose rank-frequency distribution is an inverse power law relation. They are related to Benford's law and the Pareto distribution. Some sets of time-dependent empirical data deviate somewhat from Zipf's ...