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Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); [7] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [8] Many cases have few or no symptoms, especially in the young. [ 1 ] The time between infection and symptoms, in those who develop them, is two–six weeks. [ 2 ]
Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water. [3] Hepatitis B is mainly sexually transmitted, but may also be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth and spread through infected blood. [3] Hepatitis C is commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during needle sharing by intravenous drug ...
Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis A. [2] [3] It is effective in around 95% of cases and lasts for at least twenty years and possibly a person's entire life. [4] If given, two doses are recommended beginning after the age of one. [2] It is given by injection into a muscle. [2]
When Sherlock started her medical career, little was known about liver disease. Her work helped to establish hepatology as a medical specialty. She pioneered the use of needle liver biopsy, [14] which had been used purely as a research tool, based on the technique of Sir John McMichael. Her approach improved the understanding of the pathology ...
Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis delta virus; it belongs to the genus Deltavirus. HDV is similar to a satellite virus as it can only propagate in the presence of the hepatitis B virus, depending on the helper function of HBV for its replication and expression. It has no independent life cycle, but can survive ...
In the 1960s, the first virus that could cause hepatitis was discovered. This was hepatitis B virus, which was named after the disease it causes. [220] Hepatitis A virus was discovered in 1974. [221] The discovery of hepatitis B virus and the invention of tests to detect it have radically changed many medical, and some cosmetic procedures.
Liver cirrhosis on CT imaging of the abdomen in transverse view. Portable ultrasound is a low cost tool to identify the sign of liver surface nodularity with a good diagnostic accuracy. [71] Cirrhosis is also diagnosable through a variety of new elastography techniques. [72] [73] When a liver becomes cirrhotic it will generally become stiffer ...
Astrological diagnosis was the least used technique for diagnosing illness. Diagnosis was based on the position of the moon in relation to the constellations, which were associated with different regions of the body (head, arms, chest, etc.). [27] Physicians would diagnose illness with the combined knowledge of zodiac signs and humoral medicine ...