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These insects suck the sap from plant leaves. Several thousand species are placed in this family , many of which are considered plant/crop pests. They are the family of insects containing most plant virus vectors (around 200 known) with the green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae ) being one of the most prevalent and indiscriminate carriers.
Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid ("greenfly") in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera.It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae. [2]
It generally feeds on the lower sides of leaves, buds and pods of legumes, ingesting phloem sap through its stylets. Unlike many aphid species, pea aphids do not tend to form dense colonies where individuals would stay where they were born during their whole lifetimes. Pea aphids are not known to be farmed by ants that feed on honeydews.
Some groups of aphids feed predominantly in the parenchymal tissue of plants while most aphid species feed on the phloem sap. [6] The green peach aphid ingests sugary fluids via a membrane. [ 12 ] While feeding on a plant long term, Myzus persicae can uptake chloroplast DNA , even though the chloroplasts themselves are uninjured.
Occasionally, aphids also ingest xylem sap, which is a more dilute diet than phloem sap as the concentrations of sugars and amino acids are 1% of those in the phloem. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Xylem sap is under negative hydrostatic pressure and requires active sucking, suggesting an important role in aphid physiology. [ 36 ]
Cinara cupressi is a small, soft-bodied insect reaching lengths of between 1.8 and 3.9 mm (0.07 and 0.15 in) for apterous (wingless) females. It is orangish to yellowish-brown with black markings, lightly dusted on the dorsal surface with pale grey wax.
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These aphids are also the vectors of about 30 plant viruses, mostly of the nonpersistent variety. The aphids may not be the original source of infection, but are instrumental in spreading the virus through the crop. [9] Various chemical treatments are available to kill the aphids and organic growers can use a solution of soft soap. [12]