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This article is a list of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa). Diseases have historically been one of the major causes of rice shortages. [1]: ... Fungal diseases;
Rice blast causes economically significant crop losses annually. Each year it is estimated to destroy enough rice to feed more than 60 million people. The fungus is known to occur in 85 countries worldwide [ 15 ] and as of 2003 [update] was the most devastating fungal plant pathogen in the world.
Bakanae (バカナエ, BA-ka-NA-eh) or bakanae disease (Chinese: 馬鹿苗病, Japanese: バカナエビョウ, romanized: Bakanae-byou, [bakanae bʲoɯ]), from the Japanese for "foolish seedling", is a disease that infects rice plants. It is caused by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, the metabolism of which produces a surplus of gibberellic acid.
Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes bakanae disease in rice seedlings. Rice infected with bakanae disease. Another name is foolish seedling disease. It gets that name because the seeds can be infected, leading to disparate outcomes for the plant. There are not many diseases that initiate similar symptoms as bakanae.
Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. It was a major cause of the Bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and the death of 2 million people was recorded. [3] It is a possible agroterrorism weapon. [6]
Planting rice earlier in the season can also reduce the amount of disease caused by false smut. In some studies, rice planted in April showed much less presence of false smut than rice planted after 15 May. As is the case for most rice diseases, large amounts of fertilizer in the soil lead to increase in disease. [9]
Rice-sheath blight is a disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph is Thanetophorus cucumeris), a basidiomycete, that causes major limitations on rice production in India and other countries of Asia. [1] It is also a problem in the southern US, where rice is also produced. [2] It can decrease yield up to 50%, and reduce its quality. [3]
The genus Pyricularia includes species that are pathogenic on a wide range of monocot plants.For example, Pyricularia oryzae (sexual morph Magnaporthe oryzae), the causal agent of the rice blast disease, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of rice, and is highly destructive leading to up to 30% yield loss worldwide. [5]