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For applications in control theory, according to Levine (1996, p. 158), rise time is defined as "the time required for the response to rise from x% to y% of its final value", with 0% to 100% rise time common for underdamped second order systems, 5% to 95% for critically damped and 10% to 90% for overdamped ones. [6]
The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is a type of DC/DC converter that allows the electrical potential at its output to be greater than, less than, or equal to that at its input. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by the duty cycle of the electronic switch (S1).
positive to negative peak: Voltage of C 1 has dropped to 0 V by the end of the previous step, thus allowing C 3 to be charged through D 3 to 2U s. negative to positive peak: Voltage of C 2 rises to 2U s (analogously to step 2), also charging C 4 to 2U s. The output voltage (the sum of voltages of C 2 and C 4) rises until 4U s is reached.
A boost converter or step-up converter is a DC-to-DC converter that increases voltage, while decreasing current, from its input to its output . It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductors, a diode and a transistor , and at least one energy storage element: a capacitor , inductor , or the two in ...
Fig. 8: Simplified schematic of a synchronous converter, in which D is replaced by a second switch, S 2. A synchronous buck converter is a modified version of the basic buck converter circuit topology in which the diode, D, is replaced by a second switch, S 2. This modification is a tradeoff between increased cost and improved efficiency.
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By using an NIC as a negative resistor, it is possible to let a real generator behave (almost) like an ideal generator, (i.e., the magnitude of the current or of the voltage generated does not depend on the load). Figure: Negative impedance converter. An example for a current source is shown in the figure on the right.
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