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These medications also provide symptomatic relief to common arthritic joint symptoms including swelling, tenderness, pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. [7] These symptoms may persist or occur periodically and if symptoms are not managed, major complications may develop including permanent joint changes, chronic pain, and functional ...
MCTD has no specific treatment. Management should address the individual's primary issues, such as arthritis, skin disease, or visceral involvement. Low-dose glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of these therapies can effectively treat many patients. [65]
Methylprednisolone is commonly prescribed as short-term therapy for acute flares, as seen with acute gouty arthritis. It can be prescribed during on-going therapy in lower doses contingent upon monitorization of adverse effects. [5] Dosage strength and formulation are optimized per medical use. [6]
Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. [36] [37] Prednisone is a prodrug; it is metabolised in the liver by 11-β-HSD to prednisolone, the active drug. Prednisone has no substantial biological effects until converted via hepatic metabolism to prednisolone. [38]
Glucocorticoids may be used in low doses in adrenal insufficiency. In much higher doses, oral or inhaled glucocorticoids are used to suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Inhaled glucocorticoids are the second-line treatment for asthma.
Low level laser therapy may be considered for relief of pain and stiffness associated with arthritis. [105] Evidence of benefit is tentative. [106] Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) has tentative evidence supporting improved functioning but no evidence of improved pain in osteoarthritis. [107]
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