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In Israel, which is a common law jurisdiction, settlements almost always are submitted to the court, for two reasons: (a) only by submitting the settlement to the court can the litigants control whether the court will order one or more parties to pay costs, and (b) the plaintiff (claimant) usually prefers for the settlement to be given the ...
In estate and trust law, it is a provision in a will or trust that prevents the vesting of a gift or bequest until something occurs or fails to occur, e.g. the attainment of a certain age or the predecease of another person. For comparison, a condition subsequent brings a duty to an end whereas a condition precedent initiates a duty.
Appellate court or court of last resort (vs. iudex a quo) iudex a quo: Lower court from which an appeal originates; originating court (vs. iudex ad quem) iura novit curia: the court knows the law The principle that the parties to a legal dispute do not need to plead or prove the law that applies to their case. ius accrescendi: right of accrual
In most courts and tribunals, generally after a final judgment has been given, and possibly after any interim application, the judge has the power to order any party (and in exceptional cases even a third party, or any of the lawyers personally) to pay some or all of other parties' costs. The law of costs defines how such allocation is to take ...
Other jurisdictions largely adopted the civil law tradition, either inheriting a civil law legal system at independence or adopting civil and commercial codes based on German or French law. While jurisdictions such as Japan, South Korea, and the Republic of China modelled their contract law after the German pandectist tradition, the Arab world ...
Pinnel's Case - where the payment of a lesser amount was to be paid before the debt fell due; Hirachand Punumchand v Temple - where the offeree was a 3rd party (the debtor's father) Part performance - related legal concept; Jacob & Young, Inc. v. Kent, 230 N.Y. 239, (N.Y. App. 1921).
Plea agreement without the approval of the court does not have the legal effect. The court must satisfy itself that the plea agreement is concluded on the basis of the free will of the defendant, that the defendant fully acknowledges the essence of the plea agreement and its consequences. (Article 212 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia)
2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions; 3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions; 4 Specific to the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch and other civil codes based on the pandectist tradition