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The physiology of dinosaurs has historically been a controversial subject, particularly their thermoregulation.Recently, many new lines of evidence have been brought to bear on dinosaur physiology generally, including not only metabolic systems and thermoregulation, but on respiratory and cardiovascular systems as well.
The word dinosaur is commonly used to refer only to non-avian dinosaurs, reflecting an outdated conception of the ancestry of avian dinosaurs, the birds. The evolutionary origin of birds was an open question in paleontology for over a century , but the modern scientific consensus is that birds evolved from small feathered theropods in the ...
Dinosaurs are unique in showing a perforate or open acetabulum, where the full extent of the socket is a hole without infilling bone. [1] acromion The acromion is a bony ridge on the outer distal end of the scapula that functions in providing an attachment for the clavicle.
The simplest definition of "paleontology" is "the study of ancient life". [5] The field seeks information about several aspects of past organisms: "their identity and origin, their environment and evolution, and what they can tell us about the Earth's organic and inorganic past".
This has enabled multiple full-body reconstructions of dinosaur colouration, such as for Sinosauropteryx [83] and Psittacosaurus [84] by Jakob Vinther and colleagues, and similar techniques have also been extended to dinosaur fossils from other localities. [80] (However, some researchers have also suggested that fossilized melanosomes represent ...
A study aiming to quantify the habitat of latest Cretaceous North American dinosaurs, based on data from fossil occurrences and climatic and environmental modelling, and evaluating its implications for inferring whether dinosaur diversity was in decline prior to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, was published by Chiarenza et al ...
Thyreophora ("shield bearers", often known simply as "armored dinosaurs") is a group of armored ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Early Jurassic until the end of the Cretaceous. Thyreophorans are characterized by the presence of body armor lined up in longitudinal rows along the body.
In the modern fauna, theropods are represented by over 11,000 species of birds, which are a group of maniraptoran theropods within the clade Avialae.. Theropoda (/ θ ɪəˈr ɒ p ə d ə /; [2] from ancient Greek θηρίο-ποδός [θηρίον, (therion) "wild beast"; πούς, ποδός (pous, podos) "foot"]), whose members are known as theropods, is an extant dinosaur clade that is ...