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The Manila Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Luzon and Mindoro in the Philippines. The trench reaches a depth of about 5,400 metres (17,700 ft), [ 8 ] in contrast with the average depth of the South China Sea of about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
The Manila Trench results from eastward subduction of the Eurasian plate (Sundaland Block) beneath the western side of the Philippine Mobile Belt. Subduction along the north-trending trench started in late Oligocene to early Miocene. [4] [23] [24] It has an average subduction rate at 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) per year, slowing towards the north ...
Subduction of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene South China sea oceanic crust occurs at the Manila Trench. Subduction of Eocene Philippine Sea oceanic crust occurs at the East Luzon Trough – Philippine Trench system. The strike-slip, left lateral fault, Philippine fault system is associated with the northward movement of the belt. [14]
Subduction zones are marked by oceanic trenches. The descending end of the oceanic plate melts and creates pressure in the mantle , causing volcanoes to form. Back-arc basins can form from extension in the overriding plate, in response to the displacement of the subducting slab at some oceanic trenches .
The trench formed from a collision between the Palawan and Zamboanga plates. This caused a change in geological processes creating a subduction zone, that is dropping the ocean floor deeper. [15] The rate of subduction on these plates is estimated to be about 15 cm per year. [2] A convergent zone borders an estimate of 45% of the Philippine ...
To the west, the Philippine Sea plate subducts under the Philippine Mobile Belt at the Philippine Trench and the East Luzon Trench. (The adjacent rendition of Prof. Peter Bird's map is inaccurate in this respect.) To the northwest, the Philippine Sea plate meets Taiwan and the Nansei islands on the Okinawa plate, and southern Japan on the ...
Trenches represent the deepest portions (dark blue) of the surrounding seas. 3. Subduction along MT and NT is interrupted by the collision of the Palawan-Mindoro Continental Block (PCB) with the PMB along the Palawan-Mindoro Collision Zone (PCZ). 4. The Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) traverses the length of the PMB. 5.
These two tectonic features thus correlate to a similar time of development. The formation of the PFZ was a result of two stages. The first stage began at ~10 Ma, when the northern segments of the PFZ developed due to the convergence of the China Sea Crust underneath the nearby Manila Trench. The lack of accretionary prism at the Philippine ...