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E85, a mixture of 85% ethanol and ~15% gasoline, is generally the highest ethanol fuel mixture found in the United States and several European countries, particularly in Sweden, as this blend is the standard fuel for flexible-fuel vehicles. This mixture has an octane rating of 108, however, the Ethanol molecule also carries with it an oxygen ...
On average, U.S. petroleum refineries produce about 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline, 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel diesel fuel and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel from each 42 gallon (152 liters) barrel of crude oil. The product ratio depends upon the processing in an oil refinery and the crude oil assay. [12]
In other words, for the same energy content as one liter or one gallon of gasoline, one needs 1.6 liters/gallons of ethanol and 2.1 liters/gallons of methanol. The raw energy-per-volume numbers produce misleading fuel consumption numbers, however, because alcohol-fueled engines can be made substantially more energy-efficient.
From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use increased from 3.7% to 5.4%. [1] In 2011 worldwide ethanol fuel production reached 8.46 × 10 9 liters (2.23 × 10 ^ 9 U.S. gal; 1.86 × 10 ^ 9 imp gal) with the United States of America and Brazil being the top producers, accounting for 62.2% and 25% of global production ...
The main petroleum component used in blending avgas is alkylate, which is a mixture of various isooctanes. Some refineries also use reformate.All grades of avgas that meet CAN 2–3 [further explanation needed], 25-M82 [further explanation needed] have a density of 6.01 pounds per US gallon (720 g/L) at 15 °C (59 °F).
E85 is increasingly common in the United States, mainly in the Midwest where corn is a major crop and is the primary source material for ethanol-fuel production. As of July 1, 2014, there were more than 3,300 fuel stations that offered E85 fuel. [12] E85 as a fuel is widely used in Sweden; however, most of it is imported from Italy and Brazil.
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JP-4 was a 50-50 kerosene-gasoline blend. It had a lower flash point than JP-1, but was preferred because of its greater availability. It was the primary U.S. Air Force jet fuel between 1951 and 1995. MC-77 is the Swedish military equivalent of JP-4. [3]
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