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Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is a hydraulic fluid that is essential for the proper functioning of vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. Usually, it is coloured red or green to differentiate it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle.
In 1959, Ford released their own Type-A automatic transmission fluid specification (M2C33-A) and stopped using GM fluid specifications for their in-house transmissions. The Ford M2C33-A fluid had GM Type "A" Suffix "A" characteristics. Transmission fluid service life was fairly short, and frequent transmission oil changes were required.
Some modern automatic transaxles (integrated transmission and differential) do not use a heavy oil at all but lubricate with the lower viscosity hydraulic fluid, which is available at pressure within the automatic transmission. Gear oils account for about 20% of the lubricant market. [1]
The fluid specification for DEXRON-VI (J) was first used as the GM factory-fill automatic transmission fluid for the model year 2006. Roy Fewkes, GM Powertrain Staff Project Engineer and Chairman of the GM ATF/Driveline Lubricants Approval Committee patented the new DEXRON-VI (J) fluid composition under US Patent US8642519B2 [ 20 ] [ 21 ]
Most are mineral oil or silicone based fluids, while some use automatic transmission fluid, made from synthetic base oil. [8] [9] Automatic transmissions use fluids for their lubrication, cooling and hydraulic properties for viscous couplings. Use of the wrong type of fluid can lead to failure of the power steering pump. [8]
The other disadvantage of Roto HydraMatic was the extreme oil pressures in the small 8" fluid coupling, which caused transmission leaks. All HydraMatic transmissions suffer some shift quality with today's ATF fluid. The original "Type A" fluid that these transmissions take is available only at O'Reilly Auto Parts.
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