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State-owned enterprises were denied investment loans, regardless of their financial condition. According to Kołodko, in 1990-1991 the Polish economy was affected by the phenomenon of slumpflation, i.e. a decrease in production and an increase in unemployment was accompanied by high inflation. [11]
Poland's two main political parties laid out policies on areas including retirement and taxes on Saturday, squaring off with only weeks to go before a closely-fought election. The ruling Law and ...
WARSAW (Reuters) -Poland launched its presidency of the Council of the European Union on Friday mired in a diplomatic row with Hungary that underscored a deepening sense of political disunity ...
Beyond its political significance, it opens the way for up to 135 billion euros ($145 billion) in EU aid to go to Poland over the coming few years. The decision cements a sea change in relations.
The European Union also criticised the bill, with Poland risking further sanctions under Article 7 and by the European Court of Justice. [54] The EU urged Poland not to pass the bill, and to consult the Venice Commission, yet it passed. [55] The Association of Judges of Ireland condemned the Polish legislation. [56]
The country's top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics. Poland was the only economy in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2007–08 economic downturn. [33] As of 2019, the Polish economy had been growing steadily for 28 years, a record high in the EU.
The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.
The government's inability to forestall Poland's economic decline led to waves of strikes across the country in April, May and August 1988. In an attempt to take control of the situation, the contemporary government gave de facto recognition to the Solidarity union, and Interior Minister Czesław Kiszczak began talks with Solidarity's leader Lech Wałęsa on August 31.