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The theory of monotropism was developed by Dinah Murray, Wenn Lawson and Mike Lesser starting in the 1990s, and first published in 2005. [1] Lawson's further work on the theory formed the basis of his PhD , Single Attention and Associated Cognition in Autism , and book The Passionate Mind published in 2011.
Scientists such as Bernard Rimland challenged Bettelheim's view of autism by arguing that autism is a neurodevelopmental issue. As late as 2009, the "refrigerator mother" theory retained some prominent supporters, [24] [77] including the prominent Irish psychologist Tony Humphreys. [78] His theory still enjoys widespread support in France.
A related theory—enhanced perceptual functioning—focuses more on the superiority of locally oriented and perceptual operations in autistic individuals. [74] Yet another, monotropism, posits that autism stems from a different cognitive style, tending to focus attention (or processing resources) intensely, to the exclusion of other stimuli. [75]
Societal and cultural aspects of autism or sociology of autism [1] come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. [2] The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the pathology paradigm.
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11] Sensory abnormalities are also included in the diagnostic manuals ...
Opiate theory hypothesizes that autism is the result of a metabolic disorder in which opioid peptides gliadorphin (aka gluteomorphin) and Casomorphin, produced through metabolism of gluten (present in wheat and related cereals) and casein (present in dairy products), pass through an abnormally permeable intestinal wall and then proceed to exert ...
Teachers play a key role in the success of a student on the autism spectrum by helping them to understand directions, organize tasks and support their achievements. [23] One example is organizing and grouping materials together for activities in specific ways. [24] Teachers give autistic students extra time to answer when they ask them a question.
Which autism spectrum diagnoses can be made and which criteria are used depends on the local healthcare system's regulations. According to the DSM-5-TR (2022), in order to receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, one must present with "persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction" and "restricted, repetitive ...