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Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. [ 4 ] [ 1 ] It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder .
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions [13] Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT 1A receptor partial agonist and α 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist; Opipramol (Insidon) — σ 1 receptor agonist, other actions; Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions
Oral tablets and capsules 5 mg (brand names Eldepryl, ... On the other hand, the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, ... [40] Both the MAOI ...
Adverse effects are similar to oxcarbazepine. The most common ones (more than 10% of patients) are tiredness and dizziness. Other fairly common side effects (1 to 10%) include impaired coordination, gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, rash (1.1%), and hyponatremia (low sodium blood levels, 1.2%).
Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness. [3] It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby. [4] [5] The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible. [2] It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine. [6]
In the United States, cenobamate is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. [3]In the European Union, it is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults with epilepsy who have not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least two anti-epileptic medications.
Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788 [3]) is a selective GABA A receptor antagonist [4] administered via injection, otic insertion, or intranasally. Therapeutically, it acts as both an antagonist and antidote to benzodiazepines (particularly in cases of overdose), through competitive inhibition .