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The ankle, the talocrural region [1] or the jumping bone (informal) is the area where the foot and the leg meet. [2] The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. [3] [4] [5] The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ...
The posterior border is broad and presents the shallow malleolar sulcus, for the passage of the tendons of the peronæi longus and brevis. The summit is rounded and gives attachment to the calcaneofibular ligament. A major structure that is located between the lateral malleolus and the Achilles tendon is the sural nerve.
This muscle varies considerably in the modes of origin and the arrangement of its various tendons. The tendons to the second and fifth toes may be found doubled, or extra slips are given off from one or more tendons to their corresponding metatarsal bones, or to the short extensor, or to one of the interosseous muscles.
The muscle originates from the forepart of the upper and lateral surface of the calcaneus (in front of the groove for the peroneus brevis tendon), from the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and the stem of the inferior extensor retinaculum. The fibres pass obliquely forwards and medially across the dorsum of the foot and end in four tendons.
The fibular retinacula (also known as peroneal retinacula) are fibrous retaining bands that bind down the tendons of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles as they run across the side of the ankle. (Retinaculum is Latin for "retainer.") These bands consist of the superior fibular retinaculum and the inferior fibular retinaculum.
A tendon is a tough, flexible band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. [12] The extra-cellular connective tissue between muscle fibers binds to tendons at the distal and proximal ends, and the tendon binds to the periosteum of individual bones at the muscle's origin and insertion. As muscles contract, tendons transmit ...
The flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus muscles, laterally, and from the fascia covering the tibialis posterior, medially.
The talus (/ ˈ t eɪ l ə s /; Latin for ankle [1] or ankle bone; [2] pl.: tali), talus bone, astragalus (/ ə ˈ s t r æ ɡ ə l ə s /), or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint. It transmits the entire weight of the body from the lower legs to the foot. [3]