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  2. Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous...

    128-byte buffers. This UART can handle a maximum standard serial port speed of 921.6 kbit/s if the maximum interrupt latency is 1 millisecond. This UART supports 9-bit characters in addition to the 5- to 8-bit characters that other UARTs support. This was introduced by Oxford Semiconductor, which is now owned by PLX Technology.

  3. 16550 UART - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16550_UART

    The 16550 UART (universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter) is an integrated circuit designed for implementing the interface for serial communications. The corrected -A version was released in 1987 by National Semiconductor . [ 1 ]

  4. Universal synchronous and asynchronous receiver-transmitter

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_synchronous_and...

    The USART's synchronous capabilities were primarily intended to support synchronous protocols like IBM's synchronous transmit-receive (STR), binary synchronous communications (BSC), synchronous data link control (SDLC), and the ISO-standard high-level data link control (HDLC) synchronous link-layer protocols, which were used with synchronous voice-frequency modems.

  5. YMODEM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YMODEM

    YMODEM is a file transfer protocol used between microcomputers connected together using modems. It was primarily used to transfer files to and from bulletin board systems . YMODEM was developed by Chuck Forsberg as an expansion of XMODEM and was first implemented in his CP/M YAM program.

  6. Verilog - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verilog

    Verilog-2001 is a significant upgrade from Verilog-95. First, it adds explicit support for (2's complement) signed nets and variables. Previously, code authors had to perform signed operations using awkward bit-level manipulations (for example, the carry-out bit of a simple 8-bit addition required an explicit description of the Boolean algebra ...

  7. Automatic baud rate detection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_baud_rate_detection

    When start bit length is used to determine the baud rate, it requires the character to be odd since UART sends LSB bit first – this particular bit order scheme is referred to as little-endian. [2] Often symbols 'a' or 'A' (0x61 or 0x41) are used. For example, the MPC8270 SCC tries to detect the length of the UART start bit for autobaud.

  8. Software flow control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_flow_control

    UARTs that lack such support, like the 16550, may suffer from buffer overruns when using software flow control, although this can be somewhat mitigated by disabling the UART's FIFO. [1] Finally, since the XOFF/XON codes are sent in-band, they cannot appear in the data being transmitted without being mistaken for flow control commands.

  9. Serial Peripheral Interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface

    The pseudocode below outlines a software implementation ("bit-banging") of SPI's protocol as a main with simultaneous output and input. This pseudocode is for CPHA=0 and CPOL=0, thus SCLK is pulled low before CS is activated and bits are inputted on SCLK's rising edge while bits are outputted on SCLK's falling edge.