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Poporos are vessel type containers primarily used to store powdered lime, made from calcined seashells. They were often cast in gold, decorated with human figures and exhibited "great elegance of conception, manufacture, and finish." [1] The most noteworthy poporos artifact is the Poporo Quimbaya exhibited in the Gold Museum in Bogotá, Colombia.
For many centuries metal such as gold often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as glass, shells and other plant materials may be used. Jewellery is one of the oldest types of archaeological artefact – with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest ...
This makes it the earliest evidence of glass in South Asia. [3] [20] Glass discovered from later sites dating from 600 to 300 BCE displays common colors. [3] Texts such as the Shatapatha Brahmana and Vinaya Pitaka mention glass, implying they could have been known in India during the early first millennium BCE. [19]
Candle moulding machine in Indonesia circa 1920. Candle making was developed independently in a number of countries around the world. [1]Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in Europe from the Roman period until the modern era, when spermaceti (from sperm whales) was used in the 18th and 19th centuries, [2] and purified animal fats and paraffin wax since the 19th century. [1]
Gold was used in Central America by the first centuries AD [7] and was spiritually and symbolically important to Pre-Columbian peoples. [8] The countries of the Isthmus—Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia—emerged as a single goldworking region that shared styles and methodology, such as the use of lost-wax casting instead of hammering. [1]
The main commissions for gold work and jewelry came from the Court or the Church. [18] As such, much of the jewelry was very religious, involving ornate crosses and depictions of the afterlife or of saints' lives. [19] The Byzantines excelled in inlaying and their work was enormously opulent, involving precious stones, glass and gold. [20]
The team found Corinthian alabaster, Attic vases, and locally-made ritual jugs. They also uncovered treasure of a shinier kind: gold, silver, coral, and amber jewelry, amulets from the East, and ...
Examples of jewelry worn by the higher social classes include solid gold necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, and bulla with many variations within these classes of jewelry. Some bracelets were used without clasps (solid gold snake bracelets), while others used gold pins or small gold screws to fasten the bracelet to the wrist.