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Diagram comparing the Celtic, astronomical and meteorological calendars. Among the Insular Celts, the year was divided into a light half and a dark half.As the day was seen as beginning at sunset, so the year was seen as beginning with the arrival of the darkness, at Calan Gaeaf / Samhain (around 1 November in the modern calendar). [4]
The International Fixed Calendar (also known as the Cotsworth plan, the Cotsworth calendar, the Eastman plan or the Yearal) [1] was a proposed reform of the Gregorian calendar designed by Moses B. Cotsworth, first presented in 1902. [2] The International Fixed Calendar divides the year into 13 months of 28 days each.
In English-language Julian calendars and its derivatives, the months are based on names from Classical mythology, such as the name "February" which derives from the Roman purification rite, Februa. In the Irish calendar, the names of the months in the Irish language refer to Celtic religion and mythology , and generally predate the arrival of ...
The Coligny calendar as reconstructed consisted of 16 columns and 4 rows, with two intercalary months given half a column each, resulting in a table of the 62 months of the five-year cycle. The 5 years of the calendar plaque is part of a Metonic cycle of 19 years, although it could also be extended to a 30-year cycle.
A leap year (also known as an intercalary year or bissextile year) is a calendar year that contains an additional day (or, in the case of a lunisolar calendar, a month) compared to a common year. The 366th day (or 13th month) is added to keep the calendar year synchronised with the astronomical year or seasonal year. [1]
Runic calendar from the Estonian island of Saaremaa with each month on a separate wooden board. A Runic calendar (also Rune staff or Runic almanac) is a perpetual calendar, variants of which were used in Northern Europe until the 19th century. A typical runic calendar consisted of several horizontal lines of symbols, one above the other.
Early Roman calendars were 10 months and used the moon as a timekeeper, but astrologers soon noticed the need for extra days to move around to align with the moon patterns, according to Britannica.
The Cherokee calendar was based upon a lunar year and is defined by 13 months which formerly directly corresponded to moon phases; however, the calendar is currently solar in structure. Each cycle was accompanied by a ceremony. In order to rectify the Cherokee calendar with that of the Julian calendar, these cycles were reduced to 12.