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There is ongoing debate over how cyberwarfare should be defined and no absolute definition is widely agreed upon. [9] [12] While the majority of scholars, militaries, and governments use definitions that refer to state and state-sponsored actors, [9] [13] [14] other definitions may include non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, companies, political or ideological extremist groups ...
On 7 April 2009, The Pentagon announced they spent more than $100 million in the last six months responding to and repairing damage from cyber attacks and other computer network problems. [65] From December 2009 to January 2010, a cyber attack, dubbed Operation Aurora, was launched from China against Google and over 20 other companies. [66]
Information warfare (IW) is the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. It is different from cyberwarfare that attacks computers, software, and command control systems.
The tech-dependent state experienced severe turmoil and there was a great deal of concern over the nature and intent of the attack. The cyber attack was a result of an Estonian-Russian dispute over the removal of a bronze statue depicting a World War II-era Soviet soldier from the center of the capital, Tallinn. [4]
This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war.These numbers include the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of a battle or other military wartime actions, as well as wartime/war-related deaths of civilians which are often results of war-induced epidemics, famines, genocide, etc. Due to incomplete records, the ...
A cyberattack can be defined as any attempt by an individual or organization "using one or more computers and computer systems to steal, expose, change, disable or eliminate information, or to breach computer information systems, computer networks, and computer infrastructures". [1]
James A. Lewis: Groups like ISIS or al-Qaeda threaten cyber attacks every once and a while. They have been doing so for more than ten years and nothing has ever happened.
By November 1945 general Curtis LeMay, who led American air raids on Japan during World War II, was thinking about how the next war would be fought. He said in a speech that month to the Ohio Society of New York that since "No air attack, once it is launched, can be completely stopped", his country needed an air force that could immediately retaliate: "If we are prepared it may never come.