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  2. Prophase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophase

    Prophase is the first step of cell division in mitosis. As it occurs after G2 of interphase, DNA has been already replicated when prophase begins. [1] Fluorescence microscope image of two mouse cell nuclei in prophase (scale bar is 5 μm).

  3. Spindle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_checkpoint

    Although this machinery is conserved through evolution, [48] [49] in vertebrates most cohesin molecules are released in prophase, independently of the presence of the APC/C, in a process dependent on Polo-like 1 and Aurora B. [50] Yet it has been shown that a small quantity of Scc1 remains associated to centromeres in human cells until ...

  4. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    The Novak–Tyson model is a mathematical model of cell cycle progression that predicts that irreversible transitions entering and exiting mitosis are driven by hysteresis. The model has three basic predictions that should hold true in cycling oocyte extracts whose cell cycle progression is dependent on hysteresis: [26]

  5. Cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

    The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.

  6. Cleavage furrow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_furrow

    Mitosis includes four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the initial phase when spindle fibers appear that function to move the chromosomes toward opposite poles. This spindle apparatus consists of microtubules, microfilaments and a complex network of various proteins.

  7. Leptotene stage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptotene_stage

    The leptotene stage, also known as leptonema, is the first of five substages of prophase I during meiosis, the specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes in sexually reproducing organisms.

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  9. Zygotene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene

    Zygotene (from greek "paired threads" [1]) is the second stage of prophase I during meiosis, the specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes. It follows the Leptotene stage and is followed by Pachytene stage.