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Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10.
Preoperative PVE is a very well tolerated procedure with extremely low mortality rates (0.1 percent) and technical failure rates (0.4 percent). [3] Complication rates from the procedure are low as well (2–3 percent) and include portal vein thrombosis, liver infarction, necrosis, infection, pneumothorax, and other risks as listed above. [3]
Portal hypertension is commonly seen with liver cirrhosis and/or other liver diseases such as Budd–Chiari syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and portal vein thrombosis. [2] The purpose of the shunt is to divert blood flow away from the liver, reducing the high pressure in the portal venous system and decreasing the risk of bleeding. [3]
Treatment generally includes supportive care including pain management and possibly diuretics. [5] In those with severe disease due to a bone marrow transplant, defibrotide is a proposed treatment. [6] It has been approved for use in severe cases in Europe and the United States. [7] [8] A placebo controlled trial, however, has not been done as ...
Segmental occlusions of the inferior vena cava or portal vein can be treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in which a balloon is passed via a guidewire to the site of the venous obstruction and then inflated to open the blockage, this may be followed by stent placement (either immediate stent placement or deferred (when the stent ...
Venous thromboembolism and superficial vein thrombosis account for about 90% of venous thrombosis. Other rarer forms include retinal vein thrombosis, mesenteric vein thrombosis (affecting veins draining blood from the gastrointestinal organs), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and ovarian vein thrombosis. [3]
A dilated portal vein (diameter of greater than 13 or 15 mm) is a sign of portal hypertension, with a sensitivity estimated at 12.5% or 40%. [18] On Doppler ultrasonography, a slow velocity of <16 cm/s in addition to dilatation in the main portal vein are diagnostic of portal hypertension. [19]
Jugular vein thrombosis is a condition that may occur due to infection, intravenous drug use or malignancy. Jugular vein thrombosis can have a varying list of complications, including: systemic sepsis, pulmonary embolism, and papilledema. Though characterized by a sharp pain at the site of the vein, it can prove difficult to diagnose, because ...
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