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FOB (free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
Free: Seller has an obligation to deliver the goods to a named place for transfer to a carrier Carrier: Any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of transport by rail, road, air, sea, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes
A carrier is an entity that actually transports goods and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, including multiple modes for a single shipment. [4] For example, the freight forwarder may arrange to have cargo moved from a plant to an airport by truck, flown to the destination city and then moved ...
The Incoterms (or International Commercial Terms) published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are accepted by governments, legal authorities, and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of the most commonly used terms in international trade. Common terms include: Free on Board (FOB) Cost and Freight (CFR, C&F, CNF)
The typical obligations of a carrier by sea to a shipper of cargo are: to provide a seaworthy ship; to issue a bill of lading; to "properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried". [2] to proceed with "reasonable despatch" [3] to follow the agreed route (and not to deviate from it). [4] [5]
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. [1] Contracts of carriage typically define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as force majeure (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties). [2]
The "Rotterdam Rules" (formally, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea) is a treaty proposing new international rules to revise the legal framework for maritime affreightment and carriage of goods by sea.
Custody Transfer in the oil and gas industry refers to the transactions involving transporting physical substance from one operator to another. This includes the transferring of raw and refined petroleum between tanks and railway tank cars; onto ships, and other transactions.