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The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two 10-item scales to measure both positive and negative affect.Each item is rated on a 5-point verbal frequency scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).
The internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha) for all of these scales can be regarded sufficient (with all α≥.74), that is people report that they experience all emotions that make up one of the scales with similar strength. The manual of the PANAS-X offers further extensive psychometric information. [10]
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988. [24] This scale is brief, easy to administer, and is used to measure positive affect and negative affect. [25] The scale uses 20 adjectives that describe different moods ranging from excited to upset.
International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short-Form (I-PANAS-SF): This is a brief, 10-item version of the PANAS that has been developed and extensively validated for use in English with both native and non-native English speakers. [25] Internal consistency reliability for the 5-item PA scale is reported to range between .72 and .78. [25]
The scale is the "gold standard" for evaluating the effects of psychopharmacological treatments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The name refers to the two types of symptoms in schizophrenia, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association : positive symptoms, which refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions (e.g., hallucinations and delusions ), and ...
PANAS – The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule incorporates a 10-item negative affect scale. [11] The PANAS-X is an expanded version of PANAS that incorporates negative affect subscales for Fear, Sadness, Guilt, Hostility, and Shyness.
The most commonly used measure in scholarly research is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). [27] The PANAS is a lexical measure developed in a North American setting and consisting of 20 single-word items, for instance excited, alert, determined for positive affect, and upset, guilty, and jittery for negative affect. However ...
In English researchers use the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). [4] According to the instructions of this questionnaire, the individual is asked to indicate to what extent he or she feels a certain feeling or emotion such as happy, sad, excited, enthusiastic, guilty, distressed, afraid, etc.