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In 1984, many bacteria formerly grouped in the genus Streptococcus were separated out into the genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus. [6] Currently, over 50 species are recognised in this genus. This genus has been found to be part of the salivary microbiome. [7]
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, formerly known as group D streptococci, were classified as members of the genus Streptococcus until 1984 and are included in the original Lancefield grouping. [4] Many—but not all—species of streptococcus are beta-hemolytic .
Streptococcus Streptococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria , placed within the order Lactobacillales . [ 1 ] Representative genera include Lactococcus , Lactovum , and Streptococcus .
Streptococcosis encompasses a spectrum of diseases caused by bacteria from the genera Streptococcus and Lactococcus. [12] Various species within these genera can cause infections in both wild and cultured animals, including fish and terrestrial species. Commonly affected organisms include:
The genus Streptococcus has around 129 species and 23 subspecies [16] that benefit many microbiomes on the human body. There are many species that show non-pathogenic characteristics; however, there are some, like S. pneumoniae, that exhibit pathogenic characteristics in the human body. [17] [11]
Streptococcus pyogenes is a species of Gram-positive, aerotolerant bacteria in the genus Streptococcus. These bacteria are extracellular , and made up of non-motile and non-sporing cocci (round cells) that tend to link in chains.
Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus). It is a beta- hemolytic , catalase -negative, and facultative anaerobe .
Streptococcus mitis is a species of Gram-positive, mesophilic, alpha-hemolytic bacteria in the genus Streptococcus. These bacteria are facultative anaerobes , and made up of non-motile and non-sporing cocci (round cells) that are catalase negative .