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Biosynthesis: The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase uses 3-dehydroquinate to produce 3-dehydroshikimate and H 2 O. 3-Dehydroshikimate is then reduced to shikimic acid by the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase, which uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor. Biosynthesis of shikimic acid from 3-dehydroquinate
In enzymology, a shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. shikimate + NADP + 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H +. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and NADP +, whereas its 3 products are 3-dehydroshikimate, NADPH, and H +.
3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.118) is an enzyme with systematic name 3-dehydroshikimate hydro-lyase. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 3-dehydro-shikimate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H 2 O
The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.10) catalyzes the chemical reaction. 3-dehydroquinate 3-dehydroshikimate + H 2 O. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
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(2) shikimate + NAD(P) + 3-dehydroshikimate + NAD(P)H + H + This is the second shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme found in Escherichia coli and differs from EC 1.1.1.25, shikimate dehydrogenase, in that it can use both quinate and shikimate as substrate, and either NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.
Shikimic acid can also be extracted from the seeds of the sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) fruit, [2] which is abundant in North America, in yields of around 1.5%. For example, 4 kg (8.8 lb) of sweetgum seeds is needed for fourteen packages of Tamiflu. By comparison, star anise has been reported to yield 3% to 7% shikimic acid.
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