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Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. [1] [2] Congenital clubfoot is the most common congenital malformation of the foot with an incidence of 1 per 1000 births. [5]
Pes cavus can occur from four primary causes: neurological conditions, trauma, undertreated clubfoot, or idiopathic with other underlining conditions. [9]Bilateral presentation (i.e., in both feet) often occurs due to a hereditary or congenital source, whereas a unilateral presentation (i.e., in one foot) is often the result of trauma.
Unlike the flexible flat foot that is commonly encountered in young children, congenital vertical talus is characterized by presence of a very rigid foot deformity. The foot deformity in congenital vertical talus consists of various components, namely a prominent calcaneus caused by the ankle equines or plantar flexion, a convex and rounded sole of the foot caused by prominence of the head of ...
The syndrome is associated with microcephaly, arthrogryposis and cleft palate and various craniofacial, respiratory, neurological and limb abnormalities, including bone and joint defects of the upper limbs, adducted thumbs, camptodactyly and talipes equinovarus or calcaneovalgus.
Talipes equinovarus (pes equinovarus), clubfoot; Talipes cavus , clawfoot; Talipes planus (pes planus), flat feet; Talipes valgus (pes valgus), valgus deformity of the foot; Talipes varus (pes varus), varus deformity of the foot; Pes anserinus (leg) Pes anserine bursitis, inflammatory of the inner knee at the bursa of the pes anserinus
In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (/ k æ l ˈ k eɪ n i ə s /; from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel; [1] pl.: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.
Ankle: talipes valgus (from Latin talus = ankle and pes = foot) – outward turning of the heel, resulting in a 'flat foot' presentation. Elbows: cubitus valgus (from Latin cubitus = elbow) – forearm is angled away from the body. Foot: pes valgus (from Latin pes = foot) – a medial deviation of the foot at subtalar joint.
Common risks in LGA babies include shoulder dystocia, [5] hypoglycemia, [5] brachial plexus injuries, [8] metatarsus adductus, hip subluxation [9] and talipes calcaneovalgus, due to intrauterine deformation. [9] Shoulder dystocia occurs when the infant's shoulder becomes impacted on the mother's pubic symphysis during birth. [10]