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Convergence trade is a trading strategy consisting of two positions: buying one asset forward—i.e., for delivery in future (going long the asset)—and selling a similar asset forward (going short the asset) for a higher price, in the expectation that by the time the assets must be delivered, the prices will have become closer to equal (will have converged), and thus one profits by the ...
In financial mathematics, the Ho-Lee model is a short-rate model widely used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives, and in modeling future interest rates. [1]: 381 It was developed in 1986 by Thomas Ho [2] and Sang Bin Lee. [3] Under this model, the short rate follows a normal process:
surprises in investor confidence due to changes in default premium in corporate bonds; surprise shifts in the yield curve . As a practical matter, indices or spot or futures market prices may be used in place of macro-economic factors, which are reported at low frequency (e.g. monthly) and often with significant estimation errors.
This happens because new bonds are issued with higher interest payments, making them more attractive than existing bonds with lower payouts. The opposite tends to happen when interest rates decline.
How to buy and sell bonds. ... the bid and ask prices from investors as well as recent trading prices for the security. A bond quote includes the name of the issuer, here Apple, as well as the ...
A long box-spread can be viewed as a long strangle at one pair of strike prices, and , plus a short strangle at the same pair of strike prices. The long strangle contains the two long (buy) options. The short strangle contains the two short (sell) options. A short box-spread can be treated similarly.
The standard broker valuation formula (incorporated in the Price function in Excel or any financial calculator, such as the HP10bII) confirms this; the main term calculates the actual (dirty price), which is the total cash exchanged, less a second term which represents the amount of accrued interest.
Once solved, retain these known short rates, and proceed to the next time-step (i.e. input spot-rate), "growing" the tree until it incorporates the full input yield-curve. In mathematical finance , the Black–Derman–Toy model ( BDT ) is a popular short-rate model used in the pricing of bond options , swaptions and other interest rate ...