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Sankey Diagram - Income Statement (by Adrián Chiogna) An income statement or profit and loss account [1] (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, statement of earnings, operating statement, or statement of operations) [2] is one of the financial statements of a company and ...
Cash flow forecasting is the process of obtaining an estimate of a company's future cash levels, and its financial position more generally. [1] A cash flow forecast is a key financial management tool, both for large corporates, and for smaller entrepreneurial businesses. The forecast is typically based on anticipated payments and receivables.
While the output for a project finance model is more or less uniform, and the calculation is predetermined by accounting rules, the input is highly project-specific. [1] Generally, the model can be subdivided into the following categories: Variables needed for forecasting revenues; Variables needed for forecasting expenses; Capital expenditures ...
Microsoft Excel now has by far the dominant position, having overtaken Lotus 1-2-3 in the 1990s. Spreadsheet-based modelling can have its own problems, [10] and several standardizations and "best practices" have been proposed. [11] "Spreadsheet risk" is increasingly studied and managed; [11] see model audit.
Column 3: PnL unexplained – This is calculated as PnL minus PnL explained (i.e., column 1 minus column 2) Column 4: Impact of time – This is the PnL due to the change in time. Column 5: Impact of prices – This is the change in the value of a portfolio due to changes in commodity or equity/stock prices
The 5% Value at Risk of a hypothetical profit-and-loss probability density function. Value at risk (VaR) is a measure of the risk of loss of investment/capital.It estimates how much a set of investments might lose (with a given probability), given normal market conditions, in a set time period such as a day.
The same calculation is made on the loan side. For example, if a bank is making a 3-year fixed loan at 4% and they can obtain 3-year borrowing from an outside source at 3%, then the loan would be providing 1% value (multiplied by the balance) each of the 3 years the loan is open.
The investment horizon of all possible investment projects considered are equally acceptable to the investor (e.g. a 3-year project is not necessarily preferable vs. a 20-year project.) The 10% discount rate is the appropriate (and stable) rate to discount the expected cash flows from each project being considered.
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