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  2. Optimality model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality_model

    To determine the optimum time spent on a behavior, one can make a graph showing how benefits and costs change with behavior. Optimality is defined as the point where the difference between benefits and costs for a behavior is maximized, which can be done by graphing the benefits and costs on the y-axis and a measure of the behavior on the x-axis.

  3. Multiplier (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplier_(economics)

    In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable. For example, suppose variable x changes by k units, which causes another variable y to change by M × k units.

  4. Economic graph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_graph

    Economic graphs are presented only in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane when the variables conceptually can only take on non-negative values (such as the quantity of a product that is produced). Even though the axes refer to numerical variables, specific values are often not introduced if a conceptual point is being made that would ...

  5. Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_stochastic_general...

    Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomic method which is often employed by monetary and fiscal authorities for policy analysis, explaining historical time-series data, as well as future forecasting purposes. [1]

  6. Ripple effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple_effect

    A diagram of the Ripple effect illustrating how the "Weinstein Scandal" led all the way to the rise of the Me Too movement.A ripple effect occurs when an initial disturbance to a system propagates outward to disturb an increasingly larger portion of the system, like ripples expanding across the water when an object is dropped into it.

  7. Biological network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_network

    Scientists and graph theorists continuously discover new ways of sub sectioning networks and thus a plethora of different algorithms exist for creating these relationships. [55] Like many other tools that biologists utilize to understand data with network models, every algorithm can provide its own unique insight and may vary widely on aspects ...

  8. Economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

    Economics (/ ˌ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, ˌ iː k ə-/) [1] [2] is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. [3] [4] Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work.

  9. Complex multiplier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_multiplier

    The complex multiplier is the multiplier principle in Keynesian economics (formulated by John Maynard Keynes).The simplistic multiplier that is the reciprocal of the marginal propensity to save is a special case used for illustrative purposes only.