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The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
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An example chemical cycle, a schematic representation of a Nitrogen cycle on Earth. This process results in the continual recycling of nitrogen gas involving the ocean. Chemical cycling describes systems of repeated circulation of chemicals between other compounds, states and materials, and back to their original state, that occurs in space ...
{{Information| |Description=Diagram of the nitrogen cycle in an aquarium. |Source=Own work, drawn in Sodipodi and Inkscape by Ilmari Karonen. |Date=2005-10-2 File usage The following 4 pages use this file:
Nitrogen is a critical chemical element in both proteins and nucleic acids, and thus every living organism must metabolize nitrogen to survive. Only bacteria and Archaea are able to convert nitrogen gas (N 2 ) to and from soluble ionic compounds that other organisms can metabolize.
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle [1] that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. [ 2 ]
Nitrogen enters the ocean through precipitation, runoff, or as N 2 from the atmosphere. Nitrogen cannot be utilized by phytoplankton as N 2 so it must undergo nitrogen fixation which is performed predominantly by cyanobacteria. [82] Without supplies of fixed nitrogen entering the marine cycle, the fixed nitrogen would be used up in about 2000 ...