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  2. Hypoxia in fish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_in_fish

    A fish's hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. A commonly used representation is the critical O 2 tension (P crit), which is the lowest water O 2 tension (P O 2) at which a fish can maintain a stable O 2 consumption rate (M O 2). [2] A fish with a lower P crit is therefore thought to be more hypoxia-tolerant than a fish with a ...

  3. Fish physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

    Fish from multiple groups can live out of the water for extended time periods. Amphibious fish such as the mudskipper can live and move about on land for up to several days, or live in stagnant or otherwise oxygen depleted water. Many such fish can breathe air via a variety of mechanisms. The skin of anguillid eels may absorb oxygen directly.

  4. Aquatic respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_respiration

    Sea slugs respire through a gill (or ctenidium). Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.

  5. Aquatic animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_animal

    Aquatic animals are important to humans as a source of food (i.e. seafood) and as raw material for fodders (e.g. feeder fish and fish meal), pharmaceuticals (e.g. fish oil, krill oil, cytarabine and bryostatin) and various industrial chemicals (e.g. chitin and bioplastics, formerly also whale oil).

  6. Gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill

    The red gills of this common carp are visibly exposed as a result of a gill flap birth defect.. A gill (/ ɡ ɪ l / ⓘ) is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide.

  7. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the ...

  8. Anaerobic organism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_organism

    A number of techniques are employed by microbiologists when culturing anaerobic organisms, for example, handling the bacteria in a glovebox filled with nitrogen or the use of other specially sealed containers, or techniques such as injection of the bacteria into a dicot plant, which is an environment with limited oxygen.

  9. Fish gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_gill

    Fish gills are organs that allow fish to breathe underwater. Most fish exchange gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide using gills that are protected under gill covers (operculum) on both sides of the pharynx (throat). Gills are tissues that are like short threads, protein structures called filaments. These filaments have many functions including ...