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Europa Clipper is designed to follow up on evidence for a subsurface ocean underneath Europa's ice crust, found using the Galileo spacecraft which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. Plans to send a spacecraft to Europa were initially conceived with projects such as Europa Orbiter and Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter , in which a spacecraft would be ...
The focus of this extended mission was to follow up on the discoveries made at Europa with seven additional flybys to search for new evidence of a possible sub-surface water ocean. [21] Starting in May 1999, Galileo used four flybys (20 to 23) with Callisto to lower its periapse, setting up a chance for it to fly by Io twice in late 1999. [2]
In 1605, Galileo had been employed as a mathematics tutor for Cosimo de' Medici. In 1609, Cosimo became Grand Duke Cosimo II of Tuscany. Galileo, seeking patronage from his now-wealthy former student and his powerful family, used the discovery of Jupiter's moons to gain it. [6] On 13 February 1610, Galileo wrote to the Grand Duke's secretary:
Galileo was successfully deployed at 00:15 UTC on October 19. [16] Following the IUS burn, the Galileo spacecraft adopted its configuration for solo flight, and separated from the IUS at 01:06:53 UTC on October 19. [22] The launch was perfect, and Galileo was soon headed towards Venus at over 14,000 km/h (9,000 mph). [23]
The Galileo orbiter commenced an extended mission known as the Galileo Europa Mission (GEM), which ran until December 31, 1999. This was a low-cost mission, with a budget of $30 million (equivalent to $53 million in 2023). [ 168 ]
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(Reuters) - The European Union has struck a tentative deal to launch four Galileo navigation satellites using Falcon 9 rockets of U.S.-based SpaceX, European officials said on Tuesday, in the ...
Galileo observed the Loki volcano (largest in the Solar System) and a new eruption in the southern region of the moon. I33 102 (63) 17 January 2002 This was the closest of all the flybys of Io. The moon provided a gravity-assist necessary for Galileo ' s ultimate collision course with Jupiter.