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  2. Research question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_question

    The answer to a research question will help address a research problem or question. [5] Specifying a research question, "the central issue to be resolved by a formal dissertation, thesis, or research project," [6] is typically one of the first steps an investigator takes when undertaking research.

  3. Common cause and special cause (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cause_and_special...

    The distinction is fundamental in philosophy of statistics and philosophy of probability, with different treatment of these issues being a classic issue of probability interpretations, being recognised and discussed as early as 1703 by Gottfried Leibniz; various alternative names have been used over the years.

  4. Triangulation (social science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_(social_science)

    In the social sciences, triangulation refers to the application and combination of several research methods in the study of the same phenomenon. [1] By combining multiple observers, theories, methods, and empirical materials, researchers hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsic biases and the problems that come from single method, single-observer, and single-theory studies.

  5. Wikipedia : No original research/Sandbox/Various examples

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original...

    Examples of primary sources include interviews, diaries, letters, speeches, results of experiments or original research, literary works, autobiographies, original theories, and other materials. Compare to secondary source." "An original work such as a book, manuscript, or document produced by an author. A book can also be a secondary source.

  6. Problem statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_statement

    A problem statement is a description of an issue to be addressed, or a condition to be improved upon. It identifies the gap between the current problem and goal. The first condition of solving a problem is understanding the problem, which can be done by way of a problem statement. [1]

  7. List of research methods in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_methods...

    A research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [ 1 ] Paired t-test , Wilcoxon signed-rank test

  8. Systematic review - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_review

    A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic. [1] A systematic review extracts and interprets data from published studies on the topic (in the scientific literature), then analyzes, describes, critically appraises and summarizes interpretations into a refined evidence-based ...

  9. Research design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_design

    The choice of how to group participants depends on the research hypothesis and on how the participants are sampled.In a typical experimental study, there will be at least one "experimental" condition (e.g., "treatment") and one "control" condition ("no treatment"), but the appropriate method of grouping may depend on factors such as the duration of measurement phase and participant ...