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The usual cause of death is dehydration. Most cases of diarrheal illness and death occur in developing countries because of unsafe water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Other waterborne diseases do not cause diarrhea; instead these diseases can cause malnutrition, skin infections, and organ damage. [3]
Waterborne diseases were once wrongly explained by the miasma theory, the theory that bad air causes the spread of diseases. [27] [28] However, people started to find a correlation between water quality and waterborne diseases, which led to different water purification methods, such as sand filtering and chlorinating their drinking water.
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
Studies have suggested that the impact of hygiene practices have as great an impact on sanitation related diseases as the actual provision of sanitation facilities. Hygiene promotion is therefore an important part of sanitation and is usually key in maintaining good health. [50] Hygiene promotion is a planned approach of enabling people to act ...
If you live in Maryland, Virginia, or West Virginia, it may be time to get rid of your bottled water. Berkeley Club Beverages, a company based in Berkeley Spring, WV, has recalled 151,397.75 ...
Poor sanitation can lead to diarrheal disease and malnutrition, which can result in serious illness. [45] Globally, 2.3 billion people do not have access to basic sanitation services, which include access to unshared facilities for disposal of human waste and waste management services. [46]
Open defecation—and lack of sanitation and hygiene in general—is an important cause of various diseases. The most common are diarrhea and intestinal worm infections, also including typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, polio, trachoma, and others. [66] [67]
Approximately 71% of all illnesses in developing countries are caused by poor water and sanitation conditions. [27] Worldwide, contaminated water leads to 4,000 diarrhea deaths a day in children under 5. [28] Child standing next to a well pump in a Bangladeshi Village. Many such wells have naturally high levels of arsenic.