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  2. Magnus effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_effect

    The Magnus effect is not responsible for the movement seen in conventional swing bowling, [30]: Fig. 4.19 in which the pressure gradient is not caused by the ball's spin, but rather by its raised seam, and the asymmetric roughness or smoothness of its two halves; however, the Magnus effect may be responsible for so-called "Malinga Swing", [31 ...

  3. Aerodynamic center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic_center

    The distribution of forces on a wing in flight are both complex and varying. This image shows the forces for two typical airfoils, a symmetrical design on the left, and an asymmetrical design more typical of low-speed designs on the right. This diagram shows only the lift components; the similar drag considerations are not illustrated.

  4. Center of pressure (fluid mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_pressure_(fluid...

    The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the surface integral of the pressure vector field across the surface of the body. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce an equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and dynamic fluid mechanics ...

  5. External ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_ballistics

    The projectile path crosses the horizontal sighting plane two times. The point closest to the gun occurs while the bullet is climbing through the line of sight and is called the near zero. The second point occurs as the projectile is descending through the line of sight. It is called the far zero and defines the current sight in distance for ...

  6. Aircraft flight mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_flight_mechanics

    Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.An aeroplane (airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions of flight".

  7. Vortex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex

    The shape formed by the free surface is called a hyperboloid, or "Gabriel's Horn" (by Evangelista Torricelli). The core of a vortex in air is sometimes visible because water vapor condenses as the low pressure of the core causes adiabatic cooling; the funnel of a tornado is an example. When a vortex line ends at a boundary surface, the reduced ...

  8. Propeller (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller_(aeronautics)

    The aerodynamic centre of pressure is therefore usually arranged to be slightly forward of its mechanical centreline, creating a twisting moment towards coarse pitch and counteracting the centrifugal moment. However in a high-speed dive the aerodynamic force can change significantly and the moments can become unbalanced.

  9. Canard (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)

    When the main wing is most loaded, at takeoff, to rotate the nose up a conventional tailplane typically pushes down while a foreplane lifts up. In order to maintain trim the main wing on a canard design must therefore be located further aft relative to the centre of gravity than on the equivalent conventional design.