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A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...
The 1st recorded use of electrical stimulation for pain relief goes back to 46 AD, when Scribonius Largus used torpedo fish (electric ray) for relieving headaches. [47] In the late 18th century, Luigi Galvani discovered that the muscles of dead frog legs twitched when struck by direct current on the nervous system. [ 48 ]
A 2016 review found that, "in evidence of no effectiveness," clinicians should not offer electrotherapy for the treatment of neck pain or associated disorders. [16] Earlier reviews found that no conclusions could be drawn about the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain, [ 21 ] and that electrotherapy has limited effect on neck pain as ...
Pain or tenderness: The affected areas might be sore or painful to touch. Redness and swelling: The skin around the follicles can become red and swollen. Crusting and flaking: The scalp may ...
"A comparison of morphine administered by patient-controlled analgesia and regularly scheduled intramuscular injection in severe, postoperative pain". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 3 (1): 15– 22. doi: 10.1016/0885-3924(88)90133-9. PMID 3351344. Sechzer PH (1971). "Studies in pain with the analgesic-demand system". Anesthesia and ...
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This is distinct from transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), in which an electric current is used for pain therapy. "The main difference is the desired outcome. TENS unit is a medical device for pain relief. The desired outcome is to reduce pain by stimulating different nerve signals.
The inability to belch -- known as no burp syndrome -- can cause discomfort and detract from quality of life. Here's why some doctors are using Botox injections to cure the condition.