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Lupus nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus which is a more severe form of SLE that develops in children up to 18 years old; both are autoimmune diseases.
Since delayed diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis results in higher incidences of kidney failure, it should be quickly diagnosis and properly treated. [5] [83] As more patients have survived well past the early course of their disease, premature atherosclerosis has increasingly contributed to the mortality in cSLE and aSLE. [9]
4.2 Diagnostic criteria. 4.2.1 Criteria. 4.2.2 Criteria for individual diagnosis. ... Certain types of lupus nephritis such as diffuse proliferative ...
Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies in diagnostic laboratories. They are highly diagnostic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. [1] [2]
Lupus erythematosus may manifest as systemic disease or in a purely cutaneous form also known as incomplete lupus erythematosus. Lupus has four main types: [citation needed] systemic; discoid; drug-induced; neonatal; Of these, systemic lupus erythematosus (also known as SLE) is the most common and serious form.
Nephritic syndrome is a syndrome comprising signs of nephritis, which is kidney disease involving inflammation. It often occurs in the glomerulus , where it is called glomerulonephritis . Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane and the occurrence of small pores in the podocytes of the ...
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
Secondary diagnosis (i.e., ATN, interstitial nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathy) Ancillary studies, if done (i.e., IgG sub typing) Chronicity grade and score; The kidney biopsy is foundational to informing the diagnosis of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, as it is a morphological pattern.