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Hermeneutics (/ h ɜːr m ə ˈ nj uː t ɪ k s /) [1] is the theory and methodology of interpretation, [2] [3] especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation.
Ricœur's hermeneutic approach to psychoanalysis has been discussed by the historians Peter Gay and Roger Smith. [62] [63] Gay described Freud and Philosophy as a "highly disciplined study", but noted his disagreement with the work. [62] Smith credited Ricœur with demonstrating the merits of a hermeneutic approach to Freud. [63]
Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences. [1] It is an approach to psychological subject matter that attempts to explain experiences from the point of view of the subject via the analysis of their written or spoken words. [ 2 ]
Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.
Wax considered Grünbaum's approach objective, but believed he presented only one possible interpretation of Freud. [77] Woolfolk credited Grünbaum with convincingly criticizing hermeneutic interpretations of psychoanalysis, but argued that he left some issues unexplored. [78]
Truth and Method is regarded as Gadamer's magnum opus, and has influenced many philosophers and sociologists, notably Jürgen Habermas.In reaction to Gadamer, the critic E. D. Hirsch reasserted a traditionalist approach to interpretation (following Dilthey and Schleiermacher), seeing the task of interpretation as consisting of reconstructing the intentions of the original author of a text. [4]
Wilhelm Dilthey (/ ˈ d ɪ l t aɪ /; German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈdɪltaɪ]; [6] 19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.