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In stricter senses, the term wire rope refers to a diameter larger than 9.5 mm (3 ⁄ 8 in), with smaller gauges designated cable or cords. [1] Initially wrought iron wires were used, but today steel is the main material used for wire ropes. Historically, wire rope evolved from wrought iron chains, which had a record of mechanical failure.
Examples of skin depth in copper wire at different frequencies At 60 Hz the skin depth of a copper wire is about 7.6 millimetres (0.30 in). At 60,000 Hz (60 kHz) the skin depth of copper wire is about 0.25 millimetres (0.0098 in). At 6,000,000 Hz (6 MHz) [5] the skin depth of copper wire is about 25 micrometres (0.00098 in).
An example of a copper alloy conductor is cadmium copper wire, which is used for railroad electrification in North America. [5] In Britain the BPO (later Post Office Telecommunications ) used cadmium copper aerial lines with 1% cadmium for extra strength; for local lines 40 lb/mile (1.3 mm dia) and for toll lines 70 lb/mile (1.7 mm dia).
Wire was drawn in England from the medieval period. The wire was used to make wool cards and pins, manufactured goods whose import was prohibited by Edward IV in 1463. [5] The first wire mill in Great Britain was established at Tintern in about 1568 by the founders of the Company of Mineral and Battery Works, who had a monopoly on this. [6]
A braid. A braid (also referred to as a plait; / p l æ t /) is a complex structure or pattern formed by interlacing three or more strands of flexible material such as textile yarns, wire, or hair. [1] The simplest and most common version is a flat, solid, three-stranded structure.
The cables are typically made with copper wires measured at 22 or 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) (0.644 or 0.511 mm²), [5] with the colored insulation typically made from an insulator such as polyethylene or FEP and the total package covered in a polyethylene jacket.
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