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In weather forecasting, model output statistics (MOS) is a multiple linear regression technique in which predictands, often near-surface quantities (such as two-meter-above-ground-level air temperature, horizontal visibility, and wind direction, speed and gusts), are related statistically to one or more predictors.
Mean opinion score (MOS) is a measure used in the domain of Quality of Experience and telecommunications engineering, representing overall quality of a stimulus or system.. It is the arithmetic mean over all individual "values on a predefined scale that a subject assigns to his opinion of the performance of a system quality".
MOS can correct for local effects that cannot be resolved by the model due to insufficient grid resolution, as well as model biases. Forecast parameters within MOS include maximum and minimum temperatures, percentage chance of rain within a several hour period, precipitation amount expected, chance that the precipitation will be frozen in ...
These statistical models are collectively referred to as model output statistics (MOS), [76] and were developed by the National Weather Service for their suite of weather forecasting models by 1976. [77] The United States Air Force developed its own set of MOS based upon their dynamical weather model by 1983. [78]
MOS or model output statistics is a technique used to interpret numerical model output and produce site-specific guidance. This guidance is presented in coded numerical form, and can be obtained for nearly all National Weather Service reporting stations in the United States.
However, direct output from computer simulations of the atmosphere needs calibration before it can be meaningfully compared with observations of weather variables. This calibration process is often known as model output statistics (MOS). The simplest form of such calibration is to correct biases, using a bias correction calculated from past ...
Model output statistics differ from the perfect prog technique, which assumes that the output of numerical weather prediction guidance is perfect. [59] MOS can correct for local effects that cannot be resolved by the model due to insufficient grid resolution, as well as model biases.
The NGM was also used to create model output statistics. [2] Development of the model stopped in 1993. By 2000, the model was seen as obsolete, particularly for mesoscale features that were not hydrostatic, and was scheduled to be superseded by the Global Forecast System (GFS) in 2001.