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The National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) in 2008. On 29 July 2024, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) relaxed restrictions on the value of the Ethiopian birr to secure a loan of $10.7 billion from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. [1]
The government's introduction of a floating exchange rate led to a volatile period, with the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and private banks rapidly adjusting their foreign exchange rates. The exchange rate as indicated by the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) is plummeted from 57 birr per US dollar a week ago to the 106 birr per dollar.
The spot exchange rate is the current exchange rate, while the forward exchange rate is an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date. In the retail currency exchange market, different buying and selling rates will be quoted by money dealers.
It now has a commodity exchange in Addis Ababa called the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange, established in 2008. [37] The Ethiopian economy has a large foreign debt, with an overall external debt of 28 billion US dollars. China owns over 13 billion dollars of its debt. Its debt to GDP ratio is smaller than similar and neighboring countries.
But the rise of technology has led to an evolved "black market" -- and rather than exotic animals and tangible exports, data like credit card information and even streaming accounts are up for grabs.
The nakfa is pegged to the US dollar at a fixed rate of US$1 = ERN 15. At earlier times, [when?] it was officially pegged at US$1 = ERN 13.50. The currency is not fully convertible, so black market rates available on the streets typically offered a rate of 15 nakfas per dollar. [2] [needs update]
If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1273 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.
PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem, but has its own drawbacks; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than nominal GDP. [4] On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures. [5]