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  2. Calvin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cycle

    Though it is also called the "dark reaction", the Calvin cycle does not actually occur in the dark or during night time. This is because the process requires NADPH, which is short-lived and comes from light-dependent reactions. In the dark, plants instead release sucrose into the phloem from their starch reserves to provide energy for the plant.

  3. Photorespiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorespiration

    C 2 photosynthesis (also called glycine shuttle and photorespiratory CO 2 pump) is a CCM that works by making use of – as opposed to avoiding – photorespiration. It performs carbon refixation by delaying the breakdown of photorespired glycine, so that the molecule is shuttled from the mesophyll into the bundle sheath .

  4. Photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

    Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are distinct processes, as they take place through different sequences of chemical reactions and in different cellular compartments (cellular respiration in mitochondria). [15] [16] The general equation for photosynthesis as first proposed by Cornelis van Niel is: [17]

  5. Photophosphorylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophosphorylation

    The scientist Charles Barnes first used the word 'photosynthesis' in 1893. This word is taken from two Greek words, photos, which means light, and synthesis, which in chemistry means making a substance by combining simpler substances. So, in the presence of light, synthesis of food is called 'photosynthesis'.

  6. C4 carbon fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation

    C 2 photosynthesis, an intermediate step between C 3 and Kranz C 4, may be preferred over C 4 for rice conversion. The simpler system is less optimized for high light and high temperature conditions than C 4 , but has the advantage of requiring fewer steps of genetic engineering and performing better than C 3 under all temperatures and light ...

  7. Photosynthetic efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetic_efficiency

    Photosynthesis is the only process that allows the conversion of atmospheric carbon (CO2) to organic (solid) carbon, and this process plays an essential role in climate models. This lead researchers to study the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., chlorophyll fluorescence that uses the Sun as illumination source; the glow of a plant) as ...

  8. Light-harvesting complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-harvesting_complex

    Photosynthesis is a process where light is absorbed or harvested by pigment protein complexes which are able to turn sunlight into energy. [5] Absorption of a photon by a molecule takes place when pigment protein complexes harvest sunlight leading to electronic excitation delivered to the reaction centre where the process of charge separation can take place.

  9. Light-dependent reactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions

    This is the second core process in photosynthesis. The initial stages occur within picoseconds, with an efficiency of 100%. The seemingly impossible efficiency is due to the precise positioning of molecules within the reaction center. This is a solid-state process, not a typical chemical reaction. It occurs within an essentially crystalline ...