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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs. Therefore, MAS has a wide range of severity depending on ...
779.5 Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn; 779.6 Termination of pregnancy (fetus) 779.7 Preventricular leukomalacia; 779.8 Other specified conditions originating in the perinatal period. 779.81 Neonatal bradycardia; 779.82 Neonatal tachycardia; 779.83 Delayed separation of umbilical cord; 779.84 Meconium staining; 779.85 Cardiac arrest of newborn
The syndrome develops in about 20% of human pregnancies continuing past the expected delivery date. [3] Features of post-maturity syndrome include oligohydramnios (a deficiency of amniotic fluid); [4] meconium aspiration (breathing meconium in the amniotic fluid); and macrosomia (being overly large).
Causes include hypoxia, meconium aspiration, and respiratory distress syndrome. Left untreated, this can lead to hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF). [1] Decreased diameter of pulmonary vessels with hypertrophy of vessel walls: This has a poor prognosis, as it is a fixed abnormality.
It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the nursery intensive care unit can cause a higher prevalence of invasive antibiotic resistant bacteria. [30] Meconium aspiration syndrome has a mortality rate just over 4%. This accounts for 2% for all neonatal deaths. [58]
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Their goal was to measure NAS trends over the past 10 years. The study found that the number of pregnant individuals using opiates increased from 1.2 to 5.6 per 1,000 hospital births every year. [44] A 2013 study examined the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in 28 states.