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The Israel capture of the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, 7–8 June 1967, during the Six-Day War Israeli fortifications on the Suez Canal (1973) known as the Bar Lev Line. On 6 June 1967, after the start of the Six-Day War, Egypt closed the Suez Canal, which it owned and operated, and kept it closed until 5 June 1975, through most of the Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula including the east ...
The Suez Crisis [a] also known as the Second Arab–Israeli War, [8] [9] [10] the Tripartite Aggression [b] in the Arab world [11] and as the Sinai War [c] in Israel, [d] was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.
Egypt launched the 1973 Yom Kippur war, which resulted in the Suez Canal being retaken by Egypt in the Kilo 101 talks, which eventually lead to the 1979 peace talks. In 1982, the Sinai was returned to Egypt and diplomatic relations normalized through the successful Egypt–Israel peace treaty .
The 1967 war had severely depleted Egypt's military strength, as most of their air force and a large quantity of equipment was destroyed. Soviet assistance helped the Egyptian military to start the rebuilding of their armed forces shortly after the war, and by September 1968 Egyptian ground forces had sufficiently recovered to challenge the Israeli presence east of the Suez canal.
One of the trapped ships in 1973. From 1967 to 1975, fifteen ships and their crews were trapped in the Suez Canal after the Six-Day War between Israel and Egypt.The stranded ships, which belonged to eight countries (West Germany, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, Poland, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia), were nicknamed the Yellow Fleet after the desert sand that coated them.
On March 8, 1969, Nasser proclaimed the official launch of the War of Attrition, characterized by large-scale shelling along the Suez Canal, extensive aerial warfare and commando raids. [ 19 ] [ 21 ] Hostilities continued until August 1970 and ended with a ceasefire. [ 22 ]
The war saw protracted conflict in the Suez Canal Zone, ranging from limited to large scale combat. Israeli shelling of the cities of Port Said , Ismailia , and Suez on the west bank of the canal, led to high civilian casualties (including the virtual destruction of Suez), and contributed to the flight of 700,000 [ 2 ] Egyptian internal refugees.
Israeli passage through the Suez Canal and Straits of Tiran was restricted by Egypt, in cooperation with Saudi Arabia, for much of the time between the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the 1967 Six-Day War. Since the Egypt–Israel peace treaty of 1979, Israel has enjoyed freedom of navigation through the Suez Canal and the Straits of Tiran .