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The egg case is very smooth and lacks external fibrous material. [1] This egg case can be easily identified from all others in that it is the only one to have a steep ridge; giving the case a convex shape. [1] The keel on the egg case is considered very broad; representing 30–33% of the width of the egg case. [1]
The female drops the egg capsules two (rarely four) at a time every 14 days, producing a total of 20–50 eggs per year. Each egg case measures 10 cm (3.9 in) long and 4 cm (1.6 in) wide. The young emerge after 120–130 days, at a length of 14–16 cm (5.5–6.5 in).
Egg case with yolk. The swell shark is oviparous, laying two green or amber flattened eggs at a time. [1] [3] Fertilization occurs internally. [5] The egg cases become attached to kelp or the reef with tendrils. It has been suggested that the length of the tendrils depends on the amount of surf action the region is under. [4]
The horn shark is preyed upon by larger fishes and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), which consumes adults, juveniles, and egg cases. In addition, they are captured and eaten by bald eagles ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) at Catalina Island, and large marine snails are able to drill into their egg cases to extract the yolk . [ 6 ]
Some species are oviparous, laying their fertilized eggs in the water. In most oviparous shark species, an egg case with the consistency of leather protects the developing embryo(s). These cases may be corkscrewed into crevices for protection. The egg case is commonly called a mermaid's purse.
Catshark egg (mermaids' purse) Scyliorhinidae includes many species of catsharks, that like the chain dogfish, are oviparous and lay eggs in tough egg cases with curly tendrils at each end, known as "mermaid's purses", for protection, onto the seabed. [15] Almost a year is needed for a catshark to hatch from the egg.
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The egg case of the puffadder shyshark has a different color pattern than those of other shysharks. The puffadder shyshark is oviparous; there is no distinct breeding season and reproduction occurs year-round. [14] Females deposit egg capsules one or two at a time, attaching them to vertical structures such as sea fans. [12]