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In financial mathematics, the Ho-Lee model is a short-rate model widely used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives, and in modeling future interest rates. [1]: 381 It was developed in 1986 by Thomas Ho [2] and Sang Bin Lee. [3] Under this model, the short rate follows a normal process:
Convergence trade is a trading strategy consisting of two positions: buying one asset forward—i.e., for delivery in future (going long the asset)—and selling a similar asset forward (going short the asset) for a higher price, in the expectation that by the time the assets must be delivered, the prices will have become closer to equal (will have converged), and thus one profits by the ...
A long box-spread can be viewed as a long strangle at one pair of strike prices, and , plus a short strangle at the same pair of strike prices. The long strangle contains the two long (buy) options. The short strangle contains the two short (sell) options. A short box-spread can be treated similarly.
Buying bond mutual funds and ETFs: You don’t need to make decisions about specific bonds to purchase when you buy a bond mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF). Instead, the fund or ETF ...
Once solved, retain these known short rates, and proceed to the next time-step (i.e. input spot-rate), "growing" the tree until it incorporates the full input yield-curve. In mathematical finance , the Black–Derman–Toy model ( BDT ) is a popular short-rate model used in the pricing of bond options , swaptions and other interest rate ...
This happens because new bonds are issued with higher interest payments, making them more attractive than existing bonds with lower payouts. The opposite tends to happen when interest rates decline.
In particular, the equity option embedded in the convertible bond may be a source of cheap volatility, which convertible arbitrageurs can then exploit. The number of shares sold short usually reflects a delta-neutral or market-neutral ratio. As a result, under normal market conditions, the arbitrageur expects the combined position to be ...
Use of the clean price also serves to differentiate interest income (based on the coupon rate) from trading profit and loss. It is market practice in US to quote bonds on a clean-price basis. When a bond settles the accrued interest is added to the value based on the clean price to reflect the full market value.