Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Production of antibiotics is a naturally occurring event, that thanks to advances in science can now be replicated and improved upon in laboratory settings. Due to the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, and the efforts of Florey and Chain in 1938, large-scale, pharmaceutical production of antibiotics has been made possible.
Methods for mass production of penicillin were patented by Andrew Jackson Moyer in 1945. [107] [108] [109] Florey had not patented penicillin, having been advised by Sir Henry Dale that doing so would be unethical. [89] Penicillin is actively excreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared from the body within three to four hours of ...
Although penicillin could be isolated from the mold in a laboratory setting, there was no known way to obtain the amount of medication needed to treat the quantity of people who needed it. Scientists with major chemical companies such as Pfizer were able to develop a deep-fermentation process which could produce a high yield of penicillin. In ...
Following Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin by accident in 1928, development work and medical trials were conducted by a team working under Howard Florey with Norman Heatley as a junior member. [3] The first sue on a human occurred in December 1940, but wartime shortages and restrictions limited the supply of the drug. [4]
Escherichia coli bacteria, which are often utilized in production of pharmaceutical products. Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. Biotechnology is often used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Notable examples include the use of bacteria to produce things such as insulin or human growth hormone.
The history of penicillin follows observations and discoveries of evidence of antibiotic activity of the mould Penicillium that led to the development of penicillins that became the first widely used antibiotics. Following the production of a relatively pure compound in 1942, penicillin was the first naturally-derived antibiotic.
Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau (27 October 1910 – 12 January 2000) was an American chemical engineer who designed the first commercial penicillin production plant. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] She was the first female member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers .
The Staudinger synthesis, also called the Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition, is a chemical synthesis in which an imine 1 reacts with a ketene 2 through a non-photochemical 2+2 cycloaddition to produce a β-lactam 3. [1]