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Heracleon, Fragments from his Commentary on the Gospel of John, mentioned in Origen (Commentary on the Gospel of John) Naassene Fragment mentioned in Hippolytus (Ref. 5.7.2–9). Ophite Diagrams mentioned in Celsus and Origen; Ptolemy's Commentary on the Gospel of John Prologue, mentioned in Irenaeus. [2] Ptolemy's Letter to Flora, mentioned in ...
The Gospel of Truth is not titled, but the name for the work comes from the first three words of the text. It may have been written in Greek between 140 and 180 by Valentinian Gnostics (or, as some posit, by Valentinus himself). [2] It was known to Irenaeus of Lyons, who objected to its Gnostic content and declared it heresy. Irenaeus declares ...
The Gospel of Thomas, it is often claimed, has some gnostic elements but lacks the full gnostic cosmology. However, even the description of these elements as "gnostic" is based mainly upon the presupposition that the text as a whole is a "gnostic" gospel, and this idea itself is based upon little other than the fact that it was found along with ...
Gospel of Basilides – composed in Egypt around 120-140 AD, thought to be a Gnostic gospel harmony of the canonical gospels. [4] Gospel of Truth (Valentinian) – mid-2nd century, departed from earlier Gnostic works by admitting and defending the physicality of Christ and his resurrection.
Page from the Gospel of Judas Mandaean Beth Manda in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq, in 2016, a contemporary-style mandi. Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός, romanized: gnōstikós, Koine Greek: [ɣnostiˈkos], 'having knowledge') is a collection of religious ideas and systems that coalesced in the late 1st century AD among Jewish and early Christian sects.
The letter does stand in contrast to some other Gnostic works which portray Peter less positively, such as the Gospel of Judas. [9] [10] The work's stance on suffering, where Peter writes that a revelatory voice told him it was necessary for him to suffer, might suggest a non-docetic theology.
He claimed that the many contrasts in the Gospel, between light and darkness, truth and lies, above and below, and so on, show a tendency toward dualism, explained by the Gnostic roots of the work. Despite the Gnostic origin, Bultmann commended the author for several improvements over Gnosticism, such as the Judeo-Christian view of creation and ...
Pagels has conducted extensive research into early Christianity and Gnosticism. Her best-selling book The Gnostic Gospels (1979) examines the divisions in the early Christian church, and the way that women have been viewed throughout Jewish history and Christian history. Modern Library named it as one of the 100 best books of the twentieth century.