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  2. Laryngeal mask airway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_mask_airway

    The laryngeal mask revolutionised anaesthetic practice and by 1995 had been used in excess of 100 million patients and was available in more than 80 countries throughout the world. The laryngeal mask had now been widely accepted as a form of airway management. [9] From 1988 to 2017, more than 200 million patients used laryngeal mask. [citation ...

  3. Guedel's classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guedel's_classification

    Diaphragmatic respiration persists but there is progressive intercostal paralysis, pupils dilated and light reflex is abolished. The laryngeal reflex lost in plane II can still be initiated by painful stimuli arising from the dilatation of anus or cervix. This was the desired plane for surgery when muscle relaxants were not used.

  4. Inhalational anesthetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhalational_anesthetic

    They are administered through a face mask, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube connected to an anesthetic vaporiser and an anesthetic delivery system. Agents of significant contemporary clinical interest include volatile anesthetic agents such as isoflurane , sevoflurane and desflurane , as well as certain anesthetic gases such as nitrous ...

  5. Respiratory arrest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_arrest

    If non-comatose patients are given muscle relaxants before the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway, they may gag and aspirate when the drugs are worn off. At that point, the laryngeal mask airway should be removed immediately to eliminate the gag response and buy time to start at new alternative intubation technique. [citation needed]

  6. General anaesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia

    Muscle relaxation allows surgery within major body cavities, such as the abdomen and thorax, without the need for very deep anaesthesia, and also facilitates endotracheal intubation. Acetylcholine , a natural neurotransmitter found at the neuromuscular junction , causes muscles to contract when it is released from nerve endings.

  7. Basic airway management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_airway_management

    Demonstration of two-person bag valve mask technique Bag valve masks (BVM) provides positive pressure ventilation to patients that are not breathing or not breathing adequately to sustain oxygenation to the body. When used properly in conjunction with basic airway maneuvers and adjuncts it allows for adequate ventilation of the patient.

  8. Airway management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway_management

    Laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Example of a supraglottic device. Management of the airway in the emergency department is optimal given the presence of trained personnel from multiple specialties, as well as access to "difficult airway equipment" ( videolaryngoscopy , eschmann tracheal tube introducer , fiberoptic bronchoscopy , surgical methods ...

  9. Advanced airway management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_airway_management

    This is followed by attempting bag mask ventilation then by placing a supraglotic airway, usually a laryngeal mask airway. If ventilation is still inadequate, it is recommended to consider an emergency invasive airway such as a surgical airway, rigid bronchoscopy, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Invasive airways should be ...

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