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  2. Respiratory rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_rate

    Normal range. For humans, the typical respiratory rate for a healthy adult at rest is 12–15 breaths per minute. [10] The respiratory center sets the quiet ...

  3. Ventilation/perfusion ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation/perfusion_ratio

    Because of the increased dead space ventilation, the arterial pO 2 is reduced and thus also the peripheral oxygen saturation is lower than normal, leading to tachypnea and dyspnea. This finding is typically associated with pulmonary embolism (where blood circulation is impaired by an embolus).

  4. Vital signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_signs

    [1] [2] The normal ranges for a person's vital signs vary with age, weight, sex, and overall health. [3] There are four primary vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse , and breathing rate (respiratory rate), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other ...

  5. Work of breathing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_of_breathing

    The normal relaxed state of the lung and chest is partially empty. Further exhalation requires muscular work. Inhalation is an active process requiring work. [4] Some of this work is to overcome frictional resistance to flow, and part is used to deform elastic tissues, and is stored as potential energy, which is recovered during the passive process of exhalation, Tidal breathing is breathing ...

  6. Lung volumes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_volumes

    Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath. The average human respiratory rate is 30–60 breaths per minute at birth, [ 2 ] decreasing to 12–20 breaths per minute in adults.

  7. Vital capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_capacity

    A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5 litres. [3] A human's vital capacity depends on age, sex, height, mass, and possibly ethnicity. [ 4 ] However, the dependence on ethnicity is poorly understood or defined, as it was first established by studying black slaves in the 19th century [ 5 ] and may be the result of conflation with ...

  8. Minute ventilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_ventilation

    The healthy human body will alter minute volume in an attempt to maintain physiologic homeostasis. A normal minute volume while resting is about 5–8 liters per minute in humans. [1] Minute volume generally decreases when at rest, and increases with exercise. For example, during light activities minute volume may be around 12 litres.

  9. Respiratory tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract

    Complete respiratory system. The respiratory tract is divided into the upper airways and lower airways.The upper airways or upper respiratory tract includes the nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, the pharynx, and the portion of the larynx above the vocal folds (cords).